Clinical and surgical approach to umbilical disorders in calves - literature review

Umbilical disorders, which frequently occur in calves, are among the major causes of economic losses herds. Antibiotic therapy alone is effective for some infectious cases, but surgical intervention often indicated. This review aims to provide an overview clinical and perspectives principal umbilical disorders calves. The umbilicus may be affected by or non-infectious conditions, including hernia, persistent urachus, omphalitis, urachitis, omphalophlebitis, omphaloarteritis. Infectious varieties can culminate sepsis sometimes even involve other organs. Under these chief complaint calves tends apathy visible swelling region. When surgery indicated, veterinary surgeon needs have a thorough understanding coupled with careful examination, will enable formulation plan. Surgical principles linked pre-, trans-, post-operative care must considered, as recovery depends upon performed, pathological factors, patient's individual response. Some most common surgeries performed include herniorrhaphy, vein resection. Several technological resources, such ultrasonography laparoscopy, new tools that help improve performance procedures.